EPRO MMS6310

EPRO  MMS6310

 

     一、RAM测试方法回顾

    方法1：一种测试系统RAM的方法是分两步来检查，先后向整个数据区送入#00H和#FFH，再先后读出进行比较，若不一样，则说明出错。

    方法2：方法1并不能完全检查出RAM的错误，在参考文献中分析介绍了一种进行RAM检测的标准算法MARCH-G。MARCH一G算法能够提供非常出色的故障覆盖率，但是所需要的测试时间是很大的。MARCH-G算法需要对全地址空间遍历3次。设地址线为”根，则CPU需对RAM访问6×2n次。

    方法3：一种通过地址信号移位来完成测试的方法。在地址信号为全O的基础上，每次只使地址线Ai的信号取反一次，同时保持其他非检测地址线Aj(i≠j)的信号维持0不变，这样从低位向高位逐位进行;接着在地址信号为全1的基础上，每次只使地址线Ai的信号取反一次，同时保持其他非检测地址线Aj(i≠j)的信号维持1不变，同样从低位向高位逐位进行。因此地址信号的移位其实就是按照2K(K为整数，最大值为地址总线的宽度)非线性寻址，整个所需的地址范围可以看成是以全0和全1为背景再通过移位产生的。在地址变化的同时给相应的存储单元写入不同的伪随机数据。在以上的写单元操作完成后，再倒序地将地址信号移位读出所写入的伪随机数据并进行检测。设地址线为n根，则CPU只对系统RAM中的2n+2个存储单元进行访问。

    二、基于种子和逐位倒转的RAM测试方法

    基于种子和逐位倒转的测试方法是在方法3的基础上进一步改进获得的。方法3主要是使用全O和全1两个背景数来移位展开的，与MARCH-G算法相比获得的故障覆盖率稍微低些，但使用了较少的地址单元。这里我们把方法3中的背景数称为“种子”。以地址线为8根的RAM为例，种子分别取00000000和11111111两个数，取00000000、11111111、0000llll和llll0000四个数，以及取00000000、11111111、00001111、11110000、00110011、1100llOO、01010101和10101010八个数来移位展开测试，所达到的故障覆盖率是不一样的。种子数为2的改进方法要低于MARCH-G算法的故障覆盖率，种子数为4的改进方法与MARCH-G算法相当，种子数为8的改进方法能够超过MARCH-G算法的效果。整体上基于种子和逐位倒转的改进方法是可以代替MARCH-G算法的，但是种子数目不同所需要的寻址次数也是不同的。设地址线为n根，种子数为2时需要访问RAM共计4”+4次，种子数为4时需要访问RAM共计8n+8次，种子数为8时需要访问RAM共计16n+16次，而MARCH-G算法需要访问RAM共计6×2n次。可见，基于种子和逐位倒转的改进方法比MARCH-G算法的测试时间开销大大降低。同时，故障覆盖率会随着种子数目的增加而提高，当然不同种子数时所需要的测试时间开销也不同。在实际测试应用中要根据测试时间和测试故障覆盖率的需求来选择合适的种子数目，才能达到满意的效果。

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